1. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
These phrases define or identify which person or thing we are talking about.
When the subject is a person we use "who" or "that":
That's the doctor who / that came to my house.
When the subject is a thing we use "which" or "that":
The book which / that is on that shelf is mine.
When "who", "that" or "which" is the object you can leave it out:
The woman (who / that) I saw at the bus stop was crying.
The money (which / that) he found was in a wallet.
"Whom" is possible instead of "who" when it is the object of the verb:
The boy (whom / who / that) I lent the money was a friend of mine
"Whose" shows that something belongs to somebody:
The children whose faher died yesterday were very sad.
Note the position of prepositions in relative clauses:
Is that the house you lived in? (Is that the house in which you lived?)
That's the woman who cleans my house every week.
That's the house which was destroyed in the fire.
When the subject is a person we use "who" or "that":
That's the doctor who / that came to my house.
When the subject is a thing we use "which" or "that":
The book which / that is on that shelf is mine.
When "who", "that" or "which" is the object you can leave it out:
The woman (who / that) I saw at the bus stop was crying.
The money (which / that) he found was in a wallet.
"Whom" is possible instead of "who" when it is the object of the verb:
The boy (whom / who / that) I lent the money was a friend of mine
"Whose" shows that something belongs to somebody:
The children whose faher died yesterday were very sad.
Note the position of prepositions in relative clauses:
Is that the house you lived in? (Is that the house in which you lived?)
2. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
These phrases add extra information.
In these relative clauses "THAT" is not possible, we must always use "WHO" for people and "WHICH" for animals or things.
That film, which was shot in China, won two prizes last year.
Those people, who are wearing red scarves, live next door.
In these relative clauses "THAT" is not possible, we must always use "WHO" for people and "WHICH" for animals or things.
That film, which was shot in China, won two prizes last year.
Those people, who are wearing red scarves, live next door.
| To fight | To strive to obtain or accomplish something |
| Freedom | Condition of being not controlled by a foreign government or the state itself |
| To attend | To be present at |
| Chairman | Permanent president of a committee, etc. |
| Rights | Things one may do or have by law |
| To grant | To give something formally or legally |
| Landowner | Person who owns (esp. a large area of) land |
| Peasant | Farmer owning or renting a piece of land which he cultivates himself |
| Rally | Large gathering of people with a common (usually political) purpose |
| Slum | Street, alley etc of badly-built, overcrowed buildings |
| To aim | To direct one's efforts in the specified direction |
| To spread | To become widely known |
| To state | To express in spoken or written words |
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