1. REPORTED SPEECH
We use Reported Speech when we want to tell somebody what another person has said.
DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
- Present Simple: I work in a bank. - Present Continuous: I'm studying hard. - Present Perfect: We have bought a new car. - Past Simple: I invited Tom to the party. | - Past Simple: He said (that) he worked in a bank. - Past Continuous: He said (that) he was studying hard. - Past Perfect: They said (that) they had bought a new car. - Past Perfect: He said (that) he had invited Tom to the party. |
Modal Verbs
DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
- CAN: I can speak French. - WILL: I'll repair your bike. -MUST / HAVE TO: You must be home at 7:30. - MAY: It may rain. | - COULD: He said (that) he could speak French. - WOULD: He said (that) he would repair my bike. - HAD TO: He said (that) I had to be home at 7:30. -MIGHT: He said (that) it might rain. |
Other Expressions:
DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
- THIS - HERE - TODAY - YESTERDAY - TOMORROW - TONIGHT - TOMORROW MORNING - YESTERDAY AFTERNOON - NEXT WEEK / MONTH / YEAR - LAST WEEK / MONTH / YEAR - A WEEK / MONTH / YEAR AGO | -THAT- THERE / THAT PLACE - THAT DAY - THE DAY BEFORE - THE NEXT DAY / THE FOLLOWING DAY - THAT NIGHT - THE NEXT MORNING / THE FOLLOWING MORNING - THE PREVIOUS AFTERNOON / THE AFTERNOON BEFORE - THE FOLLOWING / THE NEXT WEEK / MONTH / YEAR - THE PREVIOUS WEEK / MONTH / YEAR, / THE WEEK / MONTH / YEAR BEFORE - A WEEK / MONTH / YEAR BEFORE |
2. REPORTED QUESTIONS
DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
- Where do you live? - Do you work in a hospital? | - He asked me where I lived. - He asked me if I worked in a hospital. |
3. TELL and SAY
- You can say something to somebody:
"I'm ill." I said to the doctor.
John told me that he had been in hospital.
John told me that he had been in hospital.
- If you say who somebody is talking to, use tell:
Sue told me that you had won a prize.
What did the robber tell the police?
What did the robber tell the police?
- We also use especially tell and ask in reported speech for orders and requests:
The teacher told us to copy all the sentences.
Carol asked me not to look at her.
Carol asked me not to look at her.
- Otherwise use say:
He said (that) his job was interesting.
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