Reporter speech grammar II

1. REPORTED SPEECH

We use Reported Speech when we want to tell somebody what another person has said.

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
- Present Simple: I work in a bank.  - Present Continuous:  I'm studying  hard.  - Present Perfect:  We have bought a new car.  - Past Simple:  I invited Tom to the party.	- Past Simple: He said (that) he worked in a bank.  - Past Continuous:  He said (that) he was studying hard.  - Past Perfect:  They said (that) they had bought a new car.  - Past Perfect:  He said (that) he had invited Tom to the party.

Modal Verbs

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
- CAN: I can speak French.  - WILL:  I'll repair your bike.  -MUST / HAVE TO:  You must be home at 7:30.  - MAY:  It may rain.	- COULD: He said (that) he could speak French.  - WOULD:  He said (that) he would repair my bike.  - HAD TO:  He said (that) I had to be home at 7:30.  -MIGHT:  He said (that) it might rain.

Other Expressions:

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
- THIS - HERE  - TODAY  - YESTERDAY  - TOMORROW  - TONIGHT  - TOMORROW MORNING  - YESTERDAY AFTERNOON  - NEXT WEEK / MONTH / YEAR  - LAST WEEK / MONTH / YEAR  - A WEEK / MONTH / YEAR AGO	-THAT- THERE / THAT PLACE  - THAT DAY  - THE DAY BEFORE  - THE NEXT DAY / THE FOLLOWING DAY  - THAT NIGHT  - THE NEXT MORNING / THE FOLLOWING MORNING  - THE PREVIOUS AFTERNOON / THE AFTERNOON BEFORE  - THE FOLLOWING / THE NEXT WEEK / MONTH / YEAR  - THE PREVIOUS WEEK / MONTH / YEAR, /   THE WEEK / MONTH / YEAR BEFORE  - A WEEK / MONTH / YEAR BEFORE

2. REPORTED QUESTIONS

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
- Where do you live? - Do you work in a hospital?	- He asked me where I lived. - He asked me if I worked in a hospital.

3. TELL and SAY

- You can say something to somebody:

"I'm ill." I said to the doctor. 
John told me that he had been in hospital.

- If you say who somebody is talking to, use tell:

Sue told me that you had won a prize.
What did the robber tell the police?

- We also use especially tell and ask in reported speech for orders and requests:

The teacher told us to copy all the sentences.
Carol asked me not to look at her.

- Otherwise use say:

He said (that) his job was interesting.